You are here: Home> South Korea>K-REACH>CAS 57-13-6> CAS 57-13-6 | Data Package 100 - 1000 t/a
| Study name | Short Description | Data Owner |
|---|---|---|
| Phys-Chem | Appearance/physical state/colour | Robust Study Summary -- Title: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | Author: Lide D.R. | Year: 2006 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Melting point/freezing point | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Melting point/freezing point | Right to refer to study -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Guideline: A.1 |Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Boiling point | Robust Study Summary -- Title: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | Author: Lide D.R. | Year: 2006 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Density | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Guideline: 109 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Density | Right to refer to study -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Guideline: A.3 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Particle size distribution (Granulometry)/Fibre length and diameter distribution | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Harnstoff TDS 10.10.09 Box 2 | Author: Halmdienst A. | Year: 2009 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Particle size distribution (Granulometry)/Fibre length and diameter distribution | Right to refer to study -- Title: Harnstoff TDS 10.10.09 Box 2 | Author: Halmdienst A. | Year: 2009 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Vapour pressure | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Sublimation pressure data for organic compounds | Author: Hamilton Jones A. | Year: 1960 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Partition coefficient | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Determination of the partition coefficient between octanol and water (logPow) by the shake flask method. | Author: Junghans M. | Year: 2008 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Partition coefficient | Right to refer to study -- Title: Determination of the partition coefficient between octanol and water (logPow) by the shake flask method. | Author: Junghans M. | Year: 2008 | Guideline: A.8 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Water solubility | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Water solubility | Right to refer to study -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Guideline: A.6 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Flammability | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Flammability | Right to refer to study -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Guideline: A.10 |Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Explosive properties | Waiver | - |
| Phys-Chem | Oxidising properties | Waiver | - |
| Phys-Chem | Stability: Dissociation constant | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Guideline: 112 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Stability: Dissociation constant | Right to refer to study -- Title: Determination of some physical-chemical properties of Urea | Author: Gwerder C. et al. | Year: 2009 | Guideline: 112 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Phys-Chem | Viscosity | Waiver | - |
| Toxicological | Acute toxicity: oral | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Toxicological Studies of Urea. Acute Subacute and Chronic tests in Rats and Mice. | Author: Sato N. et al. | Year: 1977 | Guideline: 401 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | Acute toxicity: oral | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effect of an expansion-processed mixture of grain and urea on rumen metabolism in cattle and on urea toxicity | Author: Stiles D.A. et al. | Year: 1970 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | Acute toxicity: oral | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Absence of urea toxicity in young pigs | Author: Button C. Joubert J.P. Maartens B.P. | Year: 1982 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | Acute toxicity: inhalation | Waiver | - |
| Toxicological | Acute toxicity: dermal | Waiver | - |
| Toxicological | Skin irritation / corrosion | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Primary Skin Irritation/Corrosion Study with AD1006 in the Rabbit (4-Hour Semi-Occlusive Application) | Author: Hooiveld M.J.J. | Year: 2003 | Guideline: 404 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Toxicological | Skin irritation / corrosion | Right to refer to study -- Title: Primary Skin Irritation/Corrosion Study with AD1006 in the Rabbit (4-Hour Semi-Occlusive Application) | Author: Hooiveld M.J.J. | Year: 2003 | Guideline: 404 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Toxicological | Eye irritation | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Report on the acute irritation to the eye of the white rabbit based on OECD | Author: Kirsch P. Kersebohm B. | Year: 1988 | Guideline: 405 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | Eye irritation | Right to refer to study -- Title: Report on the acute irritation to the eye of the white rabbit based on OECD | Author: Kirsch P. Kersebohm B. | Year: 1988 | Guideline: 405 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | Skin sensitisation | Waiver | - |
| Toxicological | in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria (Ames) | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Chromosomal Aberration Tests in vitro as a Primary Screening Tool for Environmental Mutagens and/or Carcinogens | Author: Ishidate M. Sofuni T. & Yoshikawa K. | Year: 1981 | Guideline: 471 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria (Ames) | Robust Study Summary -- Title: The results of microbial mutation test for forty-three industrial chemicals | Author: Shimizu H. et al. | Year: 1985 | Guideline: 471 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria (Ames) | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Salmonella mutagenicity tests: II. Results from the testing of 270 chemicals | Author: Mortelmans K. et al. | Year: 1986 | Guideline: 471 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | in vitro cytogenicity study in mammalian cells (CA) | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Chromosomal Aberration Tests in vitro as a Primary Screening Tool for Environmental Mutagens and/or Carcinogens | Author: Ishidate M.; Sofuni T. & Yoshikawa K. | Year: 1981 | Guideline: 473 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | in vitro cytogenicity study in mammalian cells (CA) | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Chromosome test with 134 compounds on Chinese hamster cells in vitro - a screening for chemical carcinogens | Author: Ishidate M. & Odashima S. | Year: 1977 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Mouse lymphoma L5178Y thymidine kinase locus assay of 50 compounds | Author: Wangenheim J. & Bolcsfoldi G. | Year: 1988 | Guideline: 476 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Toxicological | Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation | Waiver | - |
| Toxicological | Genetic toxicity in vivo | Waiver | - |
| Toxicological | Genetic toxicity in vivo | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effects of urea on mitotic chromosomes of mice and onion | Author: Chaurasia O.P. & Sinha S.P. | Year: 1987 | Klimisch score: 3 - Not reliable. | - |
| Toxicological | Toxicity to reproduction | Waiver | - |
| Eco-Tox | Short-term toxicity to fish | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Results of the investigation of 200 chemical compounds for acute fish toxicity with the Golden Orfe test [Ergebnisse der Untersuchung von 200 chemischen Vergindungen auf akute Fischtoxizitat mit dem Goldorfentest] | Author: Juhnke I. & Ludemann D. | Year: 1978 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Short-term toxicity to fish | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Sublethal Effects of Urea on Food Intake Growth and Conversion in the Fish Tilapia mossambica | Author: Palanichamy S.; Wilvam S. & Arunachalam S. | Year: 1985 | Guideline: 203 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Short-term toxicity to fish | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Determination of Acute Toxicity Levels of Urea to a Barillius barna (Ham) | Author: Dobriyal A.K. & Bahuguna A.K. | Year: 1988 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Short-term toxicity to fish | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Laborbericht Fischtoxizitatsprüfung - akut | Author: BASF | Year: 1978 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Short-term toxicity to fish | Right to refer to study -- Title: Laborbericht Fischtoxizitatsprüfung - akut | Author: BASF | Year: 1978 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Long-term toxicity to fish | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Impact of fertilizer (urea) on oxygen consumption and feeding energetics in the fresh water fish Oreochromis mossambicus | Author: Palanivelu V et al. | Year: 2005 | Guideline: 215 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Results of toxic action of water pollutants on Daphnia Magna Straus Tested by an Improved Standardized Procedure | Author: Bringmann G. & Kuhn R. | Year: 1982 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Toxicity of Urea to Daphnia magna in a 21-day semi-static reproduction test | Author: Juckeland D | Year: 2021 | Guideline: 211 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction | Adequacy: key study | GLP: Y. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates | Right to refer to study -- Title: Toxicity of Urea to Daphnia magna in a 21-day semi-static reproduction test | Author: Juckeland D | Year: 2021 | Guideline: 211 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction | Adequacy: key study | GLP: Y. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Grenzwerte der Schadwirkung wassergefährdender Stoffe gegan Blaualgen (Microcystis aeruginosa) und Grünalgen (Scenedesmus quadricauda) im Zellvermehrungshemmtest | Author: Bringmann G. & Kuhn R. | Year: 1978 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Comparison of the toxicity thresholds of water pollutants to bacteria algae and protozoa in the cell multiplication inhibition test | Author: Bringmann G. & Kuhn R. | Year: 1980 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Responses of morphological physiological and biochemical parameters in Euglena gracilis to 7-days exposure to two commonly used fertilizers DAP and urea | Author: Azizullah Azizullah; Peter Richter; Donat-Peter Häder | Year: 2012 | Guideline: 201 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effects of Fertilizer-Urea on Growth Photosynthetic Activity and Microcystins Production of Microcystis aeruginosa Isolated from Dianchi Lake | Author: Huang W; Bi Y; and Hu Z | Year: 2014 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effects of Urea on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in an algal growth inhibition test | Author: Juckeland D | Year: 2021 | Guideline: 201 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction | Adequacy: key study | GLP: Y. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria | Right to refer to study -- Title: Effects of Urea on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in an algal growth inhibition test | Author: Juckeland D | Year: 2021 | Guideline: 201 | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction | Adequacy: key study | GLP: Y. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Evaluation of the adverse effects of two commonly used fertilizers DAP and urea on motility and orientation of the green flagellate Euglena gracilis | Author: Azizullah A. et al. | Year: 2011 | Klimisch score: 4 - Not assignable. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to microorganisms | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Comparison of the toxicity thresholds of water pollutants to bacteria algae and protozoa in the cell multiplication inhibition test | Author: Bringmann G. & Kuhn R. | Year: 1980 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effects of acidic deposition on soil invertebrates and microorganisms | Author: Kuperman RG and CA Edwards | Year: 1997 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Plant growth and nematode dynamics in response to soil amendments with neem products urea and compost | Author: Akhtar M | Year: 1999 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: THE VALIDATION OF MODIFIED TROPICAL ARTIFICIAL SOIL BY ECOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES ON EISENIA FOETIDA | Author: Abbiramy K. S. et al. | Year: 2012 | Guideline: 207 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Responses of earthworm species to long-term applications of slurry | Author: Murchie AK et al. | Year: 2015 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Lethal effect of urea on soil biota : a laboratory study on earthworm (Drawida willsi) | Author: Bhattacharya A and SK Sahu | Year: 2014 | Guideline: 207 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Genome-wide RNAi screen and in vivo protein aggregation reporters identify degradation of damaged proteins as an essential hypertonic stress response | Author: Cho KP and K Strange | Year: 2008 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Toxic effect of inorganic fertilizers to earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) | Author: Shruthi N; Biradar AP and Syed Muzammil | Year: 2012 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the abundance of enchytraeids and micro- arthropods in Scots pine forests | Author: LOHM U et al. | Year: 1977 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence | GLP: N. | - |
| Eco-Tox | Toxicity to soil macro-organisms except arthropods | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Growth of Caenorhabditis elegans in Defined Media Is Dependent on Presence of Particulate Matter | Author: Matthew R. Flavel et al | Year: 2018 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions | Adequacy: weight of evidence. | - |
| Environmental | Hydrolysis | Waiver | - |
| Environmental | Biodegradation in water: screening tests | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals | Author: Verschueren K. | Year: 1983 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Environmental | Biodegradation in water: screening tests | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Inherent Biodegradability: OECD Guideline 302 B (1981) Zahn-Wellens Test; | Author: BASF | Year: 1991 | Guideline: 302B | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Environmental | Biodegradation in water: screening tests | Right to refer to study -- Title: Inherent Biodegradability: OECD Guideline 302 B (1981), Zahn-Wellens Test; | Author: BASF | Year: 1991 | Guideline: 302B | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |
| Environmental | Biodegradation in water: screening tests | Robust Study Summary -- Title: NN'-Dimethylharnstoff: Determination of the Biodegradability in the DOC Die-Away Test | Author: Schwarz | Year: 2002 | Guideline: 301 A | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Environmental | Biodegradation in water: screening tests | Right to refer to study -- Title: N,N'-Dimethylharnstoff: Determination of the Biodegradability in the DOC Die-Away Test | Author: Schwarz | Year: 2002 | Guideline: 301 A | Klimisch score: 1 - Reliable without restriction. | - |
| Environmental | Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests | Waiver | - |
| Environmental | Adsorption/desorption | Robust Study Summary -- Title: Urea Transformations in Flooded Soil Columns: I. Experimental Results | Author: Hongprayoon C. Patrick W.H. Lindau C.W. Bouldin D.R. & Reddy K.R. | Year: 1991 | Klimisch score: 2 - Reliable with restrictions. | - |